The course seeks to present and debate relevant elements on the dynamics of public financing of innovation in the contemporary Brazilian context, highlighting the articulation and interaction between the government sphere and the private sector to leverage national technological capacity. The journey begins with a retrospective on the international experience, considering the national policies of countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, South Korea and China, in conjunction with the conceptual discussion on the generation and diffusion of innovations on the global stage. It then seeks to analyze the formation of the national science, technology and innovation system, focusing in particular on the federal policies and instruments for financing Brazil's innovative efforts, their scope and effectiveness. From the national system, the discussion on sub-national initiatives and programs to foster innovation in different Brazilian states comes to light.